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Abstract: This paper some of the work as a system administrator experience and summed up the experience of the system to introduce to you. Tags: Linux System Administrator Linux shell commands with the application of extended contact with many friends began to Linux, according to the experience of learning Windwos often some loss of feeling: I do not know where to begin to learn the. As a Linux system administrator, I have read many documents and books relating to Linux and Linux for the study paid a lot of hard work. When really get a full Linux system administration job,youth nfl jerseys 1 +1 +1 = I am married to you (7), I understand more deeply the soul of Linux: service with multiple users. Linux system knowledge is very extensive, but as long as the master key of knowledge, management does not think it's so terrible. In the following I will put some of the work as a system administrator experience and summed up the experience of the system to introduce to you.
1, the purpose of learning
by Linux UNIX grasp the purpose of the study must have Needless to say, and worth double in the networking era, to seek technical meals do not want to control the network and programming technology is unwise. When a person first heard about Linux and eager when the associations to a few?, What is it (What)? Why use it (Why)? How to learn it (How)? Open source movement as a major component of , Linux has been widely applied, from our usual entertainment, learning, to commercial, government offices, to large-scale computing. To meet people's needs, various, emerging applications based on Linux. As long as had LinuX in the basics and have the ability to self-after, to pass through the contents of long-term study will be a special master.
2, starting from the foundation started from the command
often some friends a framework for site access Linux is to simply not think of first to know the basis of Linux. It is very difficult. While the Linux desktop applications developed rapidly, but the command in Linux, there are still strong vitality. Linux is a command line consisting of the operating system, the essence of the command line, no matter what level graphical interface to the development of this principle will not change, Linux command has many powerful features: from simple disk operations, file access, to be complex multimedia images and streaming media production. Here I compare them in frequency of the most important and use the command, according to their role in the system is divided into several parts introduced to everyone, to learn these basic commands we can further understand the Linux system:
● installation and login commands: login, shutdown, halt, reboot, mount, umount, chsh
● file processing command: file, mkdir, grep, dd, find, mv, ls, diff, cat, ln
● System management related commands: df, top, free, quota, at, lp, adduser, groupadd kill, crontab, tar, unzip, gunzip, last
● network operations command: ifconfig, ip, ping, netstat, telnet, ftp, route, rlogin rcp, finger, mail, nslookup
● system security-related commands: passwd, su, umask, chgrp, chmod, chown, chattr, sudo, pswho
Third, choose a good Linux books
either the forum or the reader feedback, we see the problem most often is some new to the installation or use of linux in the process of experiencing a specific problem starts Tiwen, many of the problems are repetitive, and even Many people do not even have the basic problem description is clear. This shows a lot of beginner linux people have not mastered basic skills. Linux how to master basic skills quickly to improve it? The most effective way is to study the authority of linux books, reference books for learners is very important. An erroneous concept of the tool but it can make the whole misguided novice. Currently there are many books on linux fine but not much, I strongly recommend reading copies of \
Fourth, develop the work in the command line
must develop the habit of command line work, to know that X-window only run in command line mode for an application. Although the command line to learn the progress of a slow start, but familiar, your future study path will be an exponential increase in the way of growth. From the network manager, the command line is actually a rule, it is always effective, but also flexible. Even through a slow modem line, it can manipulate thousands of kilometers away to the remote system.
V. Consideration of thinking Linux with Unix
Because Linux is a Unix
reference to the design ideas, understanding and mastering the Unix way of thinking it must be carried out, not to Windows thinking. Denied, windows in the market is a large part of the success of the unique technical ideas. But this innovation is in the face of the premise of individual users, while facing enterprise-level service application, it is bloated. Computer operating system over the years has been the two dominant areas: unix in the server space, Windows in the personal user area. Thus, the user demand determine the operating system used. Whatever the reason, if you want to learn Linux, then the first to mind from Windows, \
six, learning shell
for Shell (Chinese name of the shell), used to Windows, the reader is certainly very strange,pandora charm bracelet, because Windows is only a \One sentence explanation is easy to understand, shell is the user input commands and system commands intermediary between interpretation. The most intuitive argument, a Shell have their own command. Give an easy to understand example, Linux's standard Shel is Bash Shel; Solaris shell, B shell; Linux's Shell is a command line way shown. The reader may not understand, Windows command line \
had contact with Linux, once I just had this idea. But they later found, if you use graphical interface, then the resources allocated to applications on fewer servers at expensive, lower hardware configuration can achieve the same functionality is very important.
the following example, a server with 1GB memory, 512MB of which assume that for processing graphical interface, 784MB of memory to install a needed database software, the only way is to expand the memory. But if you use the command line, the system may only need 64MB of memory, other memory for the database software can be used. Use the command line, not only memory, CPU and hard disk and other resources and the occupation must be saved. So, as a server using the command line is a strong, not weaknesses. Since Shell have so much advantage, we must to learn it.
7, diligent practice
to increase their skills in Linux, only achieved through practice. So, hurry to find a computer, and quickly install a Linux distribution, then enter the wonderful world of Linux. I believe Linux capabilities for your own inevitable substantial gains. In addition, unlike the human brain as a computer hard drive, unless the hard drive is broken or data erased by you, or information storage and immediate memory will always be in the hard disk. The curve in human memory, you have to constantly repeat the exercise will be thing I remember Jiaoshu.
Similarly, learning Linux, too, if you can not always learn the words, learning the behind, in front of the forgotten. After you are familiar with Linux commands you can begin to build a small Linux network, this is the best practice. Linux is synonymous with the network, Linux Network Services is very powerful, whether the mail server, Web server, DNS server and so very well. Of course, you need not build all the services, you can take your time. Be explained that the Linux network for beginners can be two or three computers. More than their hands, do not insist waiting for someone to help you solve the problem.
8, learned to use the document
and private systems different Linux distributions in various technical support time is short, it is often not enough for the Linux beginner. In fact, when you install a complete Linux system,buy cheap ugg boots, which has been included after a strong help, but you may not find and use their skills. All mainstream Linux distributions comes with very detailed documentation (including man pages and FAQ), from installation to system security, for people at different levels of detailed documentation, read the document after the 40% of the issues can be resolved. Search classic books and Howto, particularly Howto is the world's tens of thousands of Linux, Unix experience is very useful summary is usually the same 40% of the problem can be solved. Install a new software look at the README, INSTALL and then look to see FAQ, last hands-on installation, so that problems encountered know why. If the documentation does not see a result, the problems go out the answer instead of wasting time come to the Forum.
When the search document, must see which version of the document is, under what conditions and what appears with what result. To the document's validity, a Shihuanwufa Zaicao Zuo knew it was concluded Ruhe, then on a particular subject or issue, read the related series of articles will save a lot of time, you can ensure that Jin Liang \because different more problems resulting from the operation. Operation to carefully check each step and the output, try to keep consistent with the document.
9, in the Linux forum for help
If the above measures do not solve the problem, then you need the help of the Linux community. Note that you need to have comprehensive thought, ready for your problem, do not rush to ask questions, otherwise it will be to hasty to answer or do not get any answers. Show more before seeking help in the efforts to solve the problem, the more you can get substantial help. Best to search what you need, whether the Forum article. This can get effective and efficient.
you need to provide accurate and effective information. This is not simply to ask you tons of error code or a full dump of data to your question in the excerpt. If you have a large and complex test conditions, as it cut as small as possible. You may encounter this situation, the problem will appear for a different content to answer, then you need to practice to verify. In addition to this request for help on other Linux community is also an option. If you are not the answer, please do not think that we feel can not help you. Sometimes you just see the problem people do not know the answer Bale. Then for a community is a good choice.
10, learning professional English
If you'd like to learn Linux, can not read the document because it is too difficult. Written the best, most comprehensive document is written in English, the first release of technical information are also written in English. Even non-English speaking countries who publish technical documentation, also the first translation into English in international academic journals and published on the network.
by man, info and other command, from the online help needed quick access to commands and method of operation. Do not fear a flood of system to help read some man or info documentation will find that almost all of these to help fill a fixed format in accordance with the command name, parameters, parameter description, using examples, reference and so on. When English becomes a habit, they will consciously or subscribe to the Internet to find interesting material in English. Thus, unknowingly had and the rest of the world.
11, in the community to share your experience
Linux applications along with the expansion, there have been many Linux community. There are some very good community: Tsinghua, which has some very good community: www.linuxforum.net (the highest level of domestic GNU site), http://www.chinaunix.net/ (China's largest Unix Technical Community) With the accumulation of knowledge, you can put yourself to solve some problems not encountered previous document on the network share to write to other readers. This time has become a \Linux users are generally professionals who have a good computer background and is willing to help others, Linux is more encouraging novice masters cultural spirit.
Finally, the author of the Linux learning a road map (roadmap):
● Learn the basics of Linux, which includes user management, group concept, the concept of authority, etc.;
● control over at least 50 commonly used commands;
● master. tgz,ugg adirondack tall boots,. rpm so package installation methods commonly used
● learn to add peripherals, installation of device drivers (eg network card)
● familiar with the Linux file system and directory structure.
● master vi, gcc, gdb and other commonly used editor, compiler, debugger.
● understanding of shell aliases, pipes, I / O redirection, input and output, and shell scripting.
● network foundation, including: master routing concepts, OSI seven layer network model, TCP / IP model and related services corresponding to the level of learning is important for Linux. Then learn Linux networking environment.
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